GaliGali · Defence Watch — open-source monitoring
Two years over the catchment.
A one-time deep-dig: ~24 months of open imagery over eight publicly reported Pakistan Air Force installations, each clipped tight to its operational footprint — runways, aprons, dispersal — not the surrounding town. Sentinel-2 optical for the eye, Sentinel-1 radar to see through cloud and night, and a per-base intelligence screen that turns the stack into change findings you can scrub, localise and trace to a scene.
Nuclear & missile stability watch — publicly-reported strategic complexes
Explore the theatre — every site, month by month
Pick any of the 41 sites — on the map or in the roster — and scrub roughly two years of Sentinel-2 optical and Sentinel-1 radar over its operational core.
Watch roster41/41 sites
The full analysis — how we separate signal from noise
The reasoning behind the findings above, open for inspection: the same-day weather test that rules out common causes, and the three cross-checks that promote a signal only when independent measurements agree.
Source
Sentinel-2 L2A true-colour and Sentinel-1 GRD radar (ESA Copernicus), ~10 m, via the Element84 Earth Search STAC over the AWS Open Data archives. Every frame traces to a single scene (id, date, orbit).
Catchments
Each AOI is centred on coordinates verified against OurAirports + OpenStreetMap and clipped to the installation footprint — never random civilian area. The HQ-9 site is a mobile system with no fixed public footprint and is shown as a clearly-labelled general vicinity only.
Discipline
Open-source, retrospective, base-scale change monitoring of publicly reported sites — the lane serious OSINT analysts operate in. Nothing here is targeting material: no aimpoints, no object counts. Re-derivable via scripts/bake-pak-defence-*.py + analyze-pak-defence.py.